You do not need to be an expert to be a hard target. A handful of basics stops most opportunistic attacks, including keyloggers and spyware. Work through this checklist on every device you own.
Keep everything updated
Most malware exploits bugs that are already patched. Turn on automatic updates for your operating system, browser, and apps. Updating is the single highest-value security habit.
Use reputable security software
- On Windows, keep Microsoft Defender (or a trusted alternative) enabled and updated.
- On phones, install apps only from official stores and review permissions.
- Run an occasional on-demand scan with a second reputable tool.
Lock down access
- Set a strong device passcode and enable disk encryption (BitLocker, FileVault, or the mobile default).
- Use a standard (non-admin) account for daily work so malware cannot install silently.
- Lock your screen when you step away — physical access is how many keyloggers get installed.
Reduce your attack surface
- Uninstall apps and browser extensions you do not use.
- Avoid cracked software and unofficial “free” download sites — a top source of bundled malware.
- Back up important files regularly, so ransomware or a wipe is not a disaster.
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The short versionUpdate automatically, use a password manager and 2FA, run reputable security tools, stick to official software, and lock your devices. That covers most of the risk.